Not All Family Neglect Is Equal: How Neglect by Adult Children Versus Spouses Relates to Compulsive Smartphone Use Among Older Adults in China
Computers in Human Behavior (CHB)
Older adults' growing reliance on digital technology has become an important social and public health concern, yet the relational antecedents of this behavior within families remain insufficiently understood. Drawing on compensatory internet use theory and the convoy model of social relations, this study examines whether emotional neglect by adult children versus spouses relates to compulsive smartphone use through perceived family support and loneliness. Using survey data from 1,208 older adults aged 60 and older in mainland China, we evaluated the structural model using partial least squares structural equation modeling. The results indicated divergent associations across the two family sources. Adult-child neglect was positively associated with compulsive smartphone use through perceived family support, through loneliness, and through a sequential path from lower family support to higher loneliness. By contrast, spousal neglect was positively associated with compulsive smartphone use through loneliness, whereas its indirect path through perceived family support was not statistically significant. These findings deepen compensatory internet use theory by indicating that relational strains from adult children and spouses correspond to distinct psychological pathways, highlighting the relevance of distinguishing relationship sources in later-life family contexts.